Umurwayi wa kanseri yo mu bwonko wari warasubiye kurwara nyuma y’ubuvuzi bwa CAR-T inshuro 17, ikibyimba cye cyarazimye burundu mu byumweru 4 nyuma yo guhabwa ubuvuzi bushya bwa TIL kandi yamaze amezi arenga 20 nta kibyimba afite.
Ku bibazo bijyanye n'uburyo bushya bwo kuvura kanseri n'igeragezwa ry'ubuvuzi:
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Umurwayi w'umugabo w'imyaka 56 yapimwe indwara ya glioblastoma yo mu bwonko ifata ibumoso (IDH wild-type, OMS Grade 4, EGFR amplification)—imwe mu ndwara mbi cyane kandi igoye kuvura.
Nyuma yo kubagwa ikibyimba ku ya 5 Mutarama 2023, yabanje kuvurwa bisanzwe, ariko indwara ye yongeye kugaruka nyuma y'igihe gito yari asanzwe arwaye. Nyuma yaho, yavuwe inshuro 17 zose hamwe zigamije imiti ya CAR-T igizwe na antigen ebyiri zitandukanye, ariko indwara ye ikomeza kwiyongera.
Kubera kwiheba, yinjiye mu igerageza rya muganga kugira ngo ahabwe uburyo bushya bwo kuvura bwa TIL. Ibisubizo byari bitangaje: nyuma y'ibyumweru 4 gusa ahawe TIL cell, ibizamini byagaragaje ko ikibyimba cyo mu bwonko bwe cyari cyaravuyeho burundu, bituma akira neza, kandi amaze amezi arenga 20 nta kibyimba afite.
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Guharanira kurokoka mu bihe by'akaga
Glioblastoma izwi nka "indwara ya mbere yica mu mutwe." Igihe cyo gusuzuma indwara kiba ari nk'intangiriro yo kubara ubuzima.
Nyuma yo gupimwa kwa Bwana W, yabanje gucibwa ikibyimba cyo mu bwonko cyari gifite ibyago byinshi, hakurikiraho imiti ya temozolomide na radiotherapy. Ariko, indwara ye ntiyagenzuwe.
Nyuma yaho, yagerageje uburyo bubiri butandukanye bwo kuvura CAR-T bwifashishije antigen zitandukanye, aterwa inshinge zirenga 10 zo mu nda y’ikibyimba inshuro nyinshi, ariko ibi ntibyashoboye guhagarika iterambere ry’ikibyimba.
Uburyo gakondo bwo kuvura glioma yo mu bwonko bugira ingaruka nke. Nubwo habaho gahunda zo kuvura zirimo kubaga, kuvura hakoreshejwe imirasire, na chimiotherapie, ikigereranyo cy’ubuzima bw’abarwayi muri rusange ni amezi 14.6 gusa.
Bahanganye n'ikibazo nk'icyo cy'ihungabana, Bwana W n'umuryango we bumvise bihebye cyane kugeza ubwo bamenye iby'igerageza rya TIL therapy.
Ubuvuzi bwa TIL
TIL therapy, cyangwa Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte therapy, ni uburyo bushya bwo kuvura indwara ziterwa n’uturemangingo.
Ubu buvuzi butangirana n'imitsi mishya y'umurwayi nk'ibikoresho fatizo. Nyuma yo kwitandukanya, guhindura no kwaguka mu buryo bwa vitro, uturemangingo twongera gushyirwa mu murwayi, bigatuma ahabwa ubuvuzi bunoze "burwanya ikibyimba ubwacyo."
Bitandukanye n'ubuvuzi bwa CAR-T busanzwe, ubuvuzi bwa GC101 TIL ntibusaba guterwa lymphodepletion cyangwa inshinge za IL-2, birushaho kunoza umutekano n'uburyo bwo kuvura.
Ubuvuzi bwa GC101 TIL bwakozwe na Juncell Therapeutics, ni bwo buvuzi bwa mbere karemano bwa TIL ku isi budasaba guterwa lymphodepletion cyangwa guterwa inshinge za IL-2, bukoresheje urubuga rwabwo rwo kwagura uturemangingo twa DeepTIL®.
Amakuru asanzweho mu buvuzi agaragaza ko GC101 ifite igipimo cyo gusubiza neza kirenga 35% ugereranije n'ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibibyimba bikomeye. Abarwayi benshi babashije gukuraho burundu ikibyimba no gusubiza neza, aho igihe kirekire cyo kubaho kirenga imyaka 3 nta kibyimba.
Uburyo bwo Kuvura
Mu mpera za 2023, Bwana W yinjiye neza mu igerageza rya GC101 TIL therapy.
Itsinda ry’abaganga ryakoresheje uturemangingo twa TIL twakuwe mu gipimo cyo kubagwa yatoranijwe umwaka ushize, twari twarabitswe kugeza igihe bikenewe.
Itsinda ry’abaganga ryashoboye kwagura uturemangingo kugeza ku turemangingo 2.95 × 10^10 TIL, aho uturemangingo fatizo (T-cells) turi ku kigero cya 99.92% by’abaturage, twiganjemo uturemangingo fatizo (CD8⁺ T-cells) (97.85%).
Nyuma yo kuvura indwara mbere y’uko itangira, Bwana W yahawe inshinge ya TIL ku ya 12 Ukuboza 2023.
Mu gihe cyo guterwa imiti, Bwana W nta ngaruka zikomeye yagize, ahubwo yagize umuriro muto cyane wahise ugabanuka vuba. Ugereranyije n'ubuvuzi bwa gakondo bwa TIL, ubu buryo bwavuguruwe bwagaragaje umutekano wo hejuru.
Impinduka Ikomeye
Nyuma y'ibyumweru bine gusa nyuma yo guterwa TIL cell, ibizamini byakozwe ku ifoto ku ya 8 Mutarama 2024 byagaragaje ko ikibyimba mu bwonko bwa Bwana W cyari cyarakuweho burundu.
Igitangaje kurushaho, kugeza mu Ukwakira 2025, umurwayi yamaze imyaka irenga 1.8 adafite ikibyimba (byabazwe igihe inkuru yatangazwaga, ibi ni amezi arenga 20), yongera kugira ubuzima busanzwe.
Uru rubanza rushyiraho amateka mashya yo kurokoka glioblastoma isubira kandi rutanga ibimenyetso by'ingenzi by'ubuvuzi ku ngamba zo kuvura "gufata ingero z'umubiri hakiri kare, TIL reinfusion iyo isubira."
Iyi ntambwe itangaje izagaragazwa mu ifoto mu nama ngarukamwaka ya 40 y’Umuryango wita ku buvuzi bwa kanseri, izaba kuva ku ya 7 kugeza ku ya 9 Ugushyingo 2025, izerekanwa n’impuguke ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
Ibyiringiro by'ejo hazaza
Ubuvuzi bwa TIL bwagaragaje ubushobozi atari mu kuvura glioma yo mu bwonko gusa, ahubwo bwanagaragaje ubushobozi butangaje mu kurwanya izindi kanseri zikomeye nka melanoma iteye imbere na kanseri y’ibihaha itari iy’uturemangingo duto.
Muri Gashyantare 2024, ubuvuzi bwa mbere ku isi bwa TIL cell therapy, Lifileucel, bwahawe uburenganzira bwa FDA muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bwo kuvura abarwayi bafite melanoma ikomeye bari barahawe imiti igabanya ubukana bwa PD-1.
Muri icyo gihe, Ubushinwa burimo guteza imbere ubushakashatsi ku buvuzi bwa TIL. Igerageza ry'ingenzi ryo kwiyandikisha mu cyiciro cya kabiri ry’inshinge za Juncell Therapeutics GC101 TIL zigamije kurwanya melanoma y’ubukana ryemejwe n’Ikigo gishinzwe gusuzuma imiti mu kigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe imiti.
Byongeye kandi, ku ya 14 Ukwakira 2024, igerageza rya mbere ry’imiti ya TIL mu Bushinwa ryihariye kanseri y’ibihaha ryatangijwe ku mugaragaro, rigamije kuvura kanseri y’ibihaha itari iy’uturemangingo duto.
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Kugeza ubu, haracyari igeragezwa ryinshi mu buvuzi ku miti mishya irwanya kanseri n'ikoranabuhanga mu Bushinwa rishaka abarwayi.
Ishami Mpuzamahanga ry’Ibitaro bya Oncology byo mu Karere k’Amajyepfo rya Beijing ritanga inama ku miti mishya n’ikoranabuhanga.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-20-2025