Kwirinda Kanseri y'ibere

Amakuru Rusange Yerekeye Kanseri y'ibere

Kanseri y'ibere ni indwara ingirabuzimafatizo (kanseri) ziba mu ngingo z'ibere.

Amabere agizwe n'imitsi n'imiyoboro.Buri ibere rifite ibice 15 kugeza kuri 20 byitwa lobes, bifite ibice byinshi bito bita lobules.Lobules irangirira kumatara mato mato ashobora gukora amata.Imitsi, lobules, n'amatara bihujwe nigituba cyoroshye cyitwa imiyoboro.

Buri ibere rifite kandi imiyoboro y'amaraso n'imitsi ya lymph.Imitsi ya lymph itwara hafi ibara ritagira ibara, ryamazi ryitwa lymph.Imiyoboro ya Lymph itwara lymph hagati ya lymph node.Indimu ya Lymph ni ntoya, imeze nk'ibishyimbo iyungurura lymph kandi ikabika selile yera ifasha kurwanya indwara n'indwara.Amatsinda ya lymph node aboneka hafi yamabere muri axilla (munsi yukuboko), hejuru ya collarbone, no mugituza.

Kanseri y'ibere ni ubwoko bwa kabiri bwa kanseri ikunze kugaragara ku bagore b'Abanyamerika.

Abagore bo muri Amerika barwara kanseri y'ibere kurusha ubundi bwoko bwa kanseri usibye kanseri y'uruhu.Kanseri y'ibere ni iya kabiri kuri kanseri y'ibihaha nk'impamvu y'urupfu rwa kanseri ku bagore b'Abanyamerika.Nyamara, impfu ziterwa na kanseri y'ibere zagabanutseho gato buri mwaka hagati ya 2007 na 2016. Kanseri y'ibere nayo igaragara ku bagabo, ariko umubare w'abanduye ni muto.

Kwirinda Kanseri y'ibere

Kwirinda ibintu bishobora guteza ibyago no kongera ibintu birinda bishobora gufasha kwirinda kanseri.

Kwirinda ibintu bishobora gutera kanseri birashobora gufasha kwirinda kanseri zimwe.Impamvu zishobora gutera harimo kunywa itabi, kubyibuha birenze urugero, no kudakora imyitozo ihagije.Kongera ibintu birinda nko kureka itabi no gukora siporo bishobora no gufasha kwirinda kanseri zimwe.Vugana na muganga wawe cyangwa undi muntu winzobere mu by'ubuzima uburyo ushobora kugabanya ibyago bya kanseri.

Ibikurikira nimpamvu zishobora gutera kanseri yamabere:

1. Ubusaza

Ubusaza nimpamvu nyamukuru itera kanseri nyinshi.Amahirwe yo kurwara kanseri ariyongera uko ugenda ukura.

2. Amateka yihariye ya kanseri yamabere cyangwa indwara nziza (noncancer)

Abagore bafite kimwe muri ibi bikurikira bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere:

• Amateka yihariye ya kanseri y'ibere yibasira, kanseri ya ductal in situ (DCIS), cyangwa kanseri ya lobular in situ (LCIS).
• Amateka yumuntu windwara yamabere meza (noncancer).

3. Ibyago byo kuragwa kanseri y'ibere

Abagore bafite amateka yumuryango wa kanseri yamabere mubyiciro bya mbere (nyina, mushiki wawe, cyangwa umukobwa) bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri yamabere.

Abagore barazwe impinduka muri gen no mu zindi genes zimwe na zimwe bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere.Ibyago bya kanseri y'ibere iterwa no guhindura gene biterwa nubwoko bwa mutation ya gene, amateka yumuryango wa kanseri, nibindi bintu.

4. Amabere yuzuye

Kugira ibibyimba byamabere byuzuye kuri mammogramu ni ibintu bitera kanseri y'ibere.Urwego rwibyago biterwa nuburyo inyama zamabere zuzuye.Abagore bafite amabere yuzuye cyane bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere kurusha abagore bafite ubwinshi bw'amabere.

Ubwiyongere bw'amabere akenshi ni umuco warazwe, ariko birashobora no kugaragara ku bagore batabyaye, batwite bwa mbere bitinze, bafata imisemburo yo gucura, cyangwa kunywa inzoga.

5. Guhura nuduce twamabere kuri estrogene ikorwa mumubiri

Estrogene ni imisemburo ikorwa n'umubiri.Ifasha umubiri gukura no gukomeza ibiranga igitsina gore.Guhura na estrogene igihe kirekire birashobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere.Urwego rwa Estrogene ruri hejuru cyane mumyaka umugore ari mu mihango.

Umugore ahura na estrogene yiyongera muburyo bukurikira:

• Imihango hakiri kare: Gutangira kugira imihango kumyaka 11 cyangwa irenga byongera imyaka imyaka ingirangingo yibere ihura na estrogene.
• Guhera kumyaka yakurikiyeho: Uko imyaka myinshi yimihango, niko imyenda yamabere iba myinshi na estrogene.
• Ubusaza ukivuka bwa mbere cyangwa utarigeze ubyara: Kubera ko urugero rwa estrogene ruba ruto mugihe utwite, tissue yamabere ihura na estrogene nyinshi kubagore batwite bwa mbere nyuma yimyaka 35 cyangwa batigera batwita.

6. Gufata imiti ya hormone kubimenyetso byo gucura

Hormone, nka estrogene na progesterone, irashobora gukorwa muburyo bwa laboratoire.Estrogene, progestine, cyangwa byombi birashobora gutangwa kugirango bisimbuze estrogene itagikora nintanga ngore ku bagore cyangwa abagore bavutse nyuma yo gucura.Ibi byitwa hormone gusimbuza imiti (HRT) cyangwa kuvura imisemburo (HT).Gukomatanya HRT / HT ni estrogene ihujwe na progestine.Ubu bwoko bwa HRT / HT bwongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere.Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko iyo abagore bahagaritse gufata estrogene hamwe na progestine, ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere bigabanuka.

7. Ubuvuzi bwimirasire kumabere cyangwa mugituza

Imiti ivura igituza kugirango ivure kanseri yongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere, guhera imyaka 10 nyuma yo kuvurwa.Ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere biterwa n'umubare w'imirasire n'imyaka yatanzwe.Ibyago ni byinshi iyo kuvura imirasire byakoreshejwe mugihe cyubwangavu, mugihe amabere arimo.

Imishwarara ivura kanseri mu ibere rimwe ntabwo bigaragara ko byongera ibyago bya kanseri mu yandi mabere.

Ku bagore barazwe impinduka muri gen BRCA1 na BRCA2, guhura n'imirasire, nk'iyiva mu gatuza x-imirasire, birashobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere, cyane cyane ku bagore batewe x-ray mbere y’imyaka 20.

8. Umubyibuho ukabije

Umubyibuho ukabije wongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere, cyane cyane ku bagore batangiye gucura badakoresheje imiti yo gusimbuza imisemburo.

9. Kunywa inzoga

Kunywa inzoga byongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere.Urwego rwibyago ruzamuka uko inzoga zanyweye ziyongera.

Ibikurikira ni ibintu birinda kanseri y'ibere:

1. Kugaragara gake kwamabere ya estrogene yakozwe numubiri

Kugabanya igihe kinini amabere yumugore ahura na estrogene birashobora gufasha kwirinda kanseri yamabere.Guhura na estrogene bigabanuka muburyo bukurikira:

• Gutwita hakiri kare: Urwego rwa Estrogene ruri hasi mugihe utwite.Abagore batwite igihe cyose mbere yimyaka 20 bafite ibyago bike byo kurwara kanseri yamabere kurusha abagore batabyaye cyangwa babyaye umwana wabo wa mbere nyuma yimyaka 35.
• Kugaburira amabere: Urwego rwa Estrogene rushobora kuguma hasi mugihe umugore yonsa.Abagore bonsa bafite ibyago bike byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere kurusha abagore babyaye ariko ntibonsa.

2. Gufata imisemburo ya estrogene yonyine nyuma ya hysterectomie, modulator ya resitora ya estrogene, cyangwa inhibitori ya aromatase na inactivator

Estrogene-yonyine ya hormone ivura nyuma ya hysterectomy

Ubuvuzi bwa hormone hamwe na estrogene gusa bushobora guhabwa abagore barwaye hysterectomie.Muri abo bagore, kuvura estrogene gusa nyuma yo gucura bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere.Hariho ibyago byinshi byo kwandura indwara z'umutima n'umutima n'amaraso ku bagore nyuma yo gucura bafata estrogene nyuma ya hysterectomie.

Guhitamo moderi ya estrogene

Tamoxifen na raloxifene ni iyumuryango wibiyobyabwenge byitwa selitifike ya estrogene reseptor modulator (SERMs).SERMs ikora nka estrogene ku ngingo zimwe na zimwe z'umubiri, ariko ikabuza ingaruka za estrogene ku zindi ngingo.

Kuvura hamwe na tamoxifen bigabanya ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere ya estrogene-positif (ER-positif) na kanseri ya ductal kanseri iri mu bagore batwite ndetse na nyuma yo gucura bafite ibyago byinshi.Kuvura na raloxifene bigabanya kandi ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere ku bagore nyuma yo gucura.Hamwe nibiyobyabwenge, ibyago bigabanuka bimara imyaka myinshi cyangwa birenga nyuma yo kuvurwa bihagaritswe.Umubare muto w'amagufa yamenetse byagaragaye ku barwayi bafata raloxifene.

Gufata tamoxifen byongera ibyago byo gushyuha, kanseri ya endometrale, stroke, cataracte, hamwe n'amaraso (cyane cyane mubihaha n'amaguru).Ibyago byo kugira ibyo bibazo byiyongera cyane kubagore barengeje imyaka 50 ugereranije nabagore bakiri bato.Abagore barengeje imyaka 50 bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere barashobora kungukirwa cyane no gufata tamoxifen.Ibyago byo kugira ibyo bibazo bigabanuka nyuma ya tamoxifen ihagaritswe.Vugana na muganga wawe kubyerekeye ingaruka nibyiza byo gufata uyu muti.

Gufata raloxifene byongera ibyago byo gutembera kw'amaraso mu bihaha no mu maguru, ariko ntibigaragara ko byongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri.Ku bagore nyuma yo gucura bafite osteoporose (kugabanuka k'amagufwa), raloxifene igabanya ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere ku bagore bafite ibyago byinshi cyangwa bike bya kanseri y'ibere.Ntabwo bizwi niba raloxifene yagira ingaruka zimwe kubagore badafite osteoporose.Vugana na muganga wawe kubyerekeye ingaruka nibyiza byo gufata uyu muti.

Izindi SERM zirimo kwigwa mubigeragezo byamavuriro.

Inzitizi ya Aromatase hamwe nudakora

Inhibitori ya Aromatase (anastrozole, letrozole) hamwe nabadakora (exemestane) bigabanya ibyago byo kongera kubaho na kanseri nshya yamabere kubagore bafite amateka ya kanseri yibere.Inzitizi ya Aromatase nayo igabanya ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere ku bagore bafite ibi bikurikira:

• Abagore nyuma yo gucura bafite amateka yihariye ya kanseri y'ibere.
• Abagore badafite amateka yihariye ya kanseri y'ibere bafite imyaka 60 nayirenga, bafite amateka ya kanseri ya ductal mu mwanya wa mastectomie, cyangwa bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere hashingiwe ku gikoresho cyerekana icyitegererezo cya Gail (igikoresho gikoreshwa mu kugereranya ingaruka z’ibere kanseri).

Ku bagore bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere, gufata inibitori ya aromatase bigabanya urugero rwa estrogene ikorwa n'umubiri.Mbere yo gucura, estrogene ikorwa nintanga ngore nizindi ngingo zo mumubiri wumugore, harimo ubwonko, ibinure, nuruhu.Nyuma yo gucura, intanga ngabo zireka gukora estrogene, ariko izindi ngingo ntizikora.Inzitizi ya Aromatase ihagarika ibikorwa bya enzyme yitwa aromatase, ikoreshwa mugukora estrogene yose yumubiri.Abadakora Aromatase bahagarika enzyme gukora.

Ingaruka zishobora guterwa no gufata inzitizi za aromatase zirimo imitsi nububabare bufatanye, osteoporose, flash flash, no kumva unaniwe cyane.

3. Kwikinisha kugabanya ingaruka

Bamwe mu bagore bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere barashobora guhitamo kugira mastectomie igabanya ibyago (kuvanaho amabere yombi mugihe nta kimenyetso cya kanseri).Ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere ni bike cyane muri aba bagore kandi benshi bumva badahangayikishijwe n'ingaruka zabo za kanseri y'ibere.Icyakora, ni ngombwa cyane gusuzuma isuzuma rya kanseri no gutanga inama ku buryo butandukanye bwo kwirinda kanseri y'ibere mbere yo gufata iki cyemezo.

4. Gukuramo intanga ngore

Intanga ngore zikora estrogene nyinshi ikorwa numubiri.Ubuvuzi buhagarika cyangwa bugabanya urugero rwa estrogene yakozwe nintanga ngore harimo kubaga gukuramo intanga ngore, kuvura imirasire, cyangwa gufata imiti imwe n'imwe.Ibi byitwa ovarian ablation.

Abagore batwite bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri yamabere kubera impinduka zimwe na zimwe za gen BRCA1 na BRCA2 barashobora guhitamo kugira oophorectomy igabanya ibyago (kuvanaho intanga zombi mugihe nta kimenyetso cya kanseri).Ibi bigabanya urugero rwa estrogene ikorwa numubiri kandi bikagabanya ibyago byo kurwara kanseri yamabere.Kugabanya ibyago oophorectomy igabanya kandi ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere ku bagore basanzwe batwite ndetse no ku bagore bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere bitewe n'imirasire y'igituza.Icyakora, ni ngombwa cyane gusuzuma kanseri no gutanga inama mbere yo gufata iki cyemezo.Kugabanuka gutunguranye kurwego rwa estrogene bishobora gutera ibimenyetso byo gucura gutangira.Muri byo harimo gushyuha, ibibazo byo gusinzira, guhangayika, no kwiheba.Ingaruka ndende zirimo kugabanuka kwimibonano mpuzabitsina, gukama mu gitsina, no kugabanuka kwamagufwa.

5. Gukora imyitozo ihagije

Abagore bakora amasaha ane cyangwa arenga mu cyumweru bafite ibyago bike byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere.Ingaruka y'imyitozo ngororamubiri ishobora gutera kanseri y'ibere irashobora kuba nini ku bagore batwite bafite ibiro bisanzwe cyangwa bike.

Ntibiramenyekana neza niba ibi bikurikira bigira ingaruka ku kanseri y'ibere:

1. Kuringaniza imbyaro

Imiti igabanya ubukana bwa hormone irimo estrogene cyangwa estrogene na progestine.Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwerekanye ko abagore bariho ubu cyangwa baherutse gukoresha imiti yo kuboneza urubyaro bashobora kwiyongera gake ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere.Ubundi bushakashatsi ntabwo bwerekanye ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere ku bagore bakoresheje uburyo bwo kuboneza urubyaro.

Mu bushakashatsi bumwe, ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere byiyongereyeho gato igihe kirekire umugore yakoresheje imiti yo kuboneza urubyaro.Ubundi bushakashatsi bwerekanye ko kwiyongera gake kwa kanseri y'ibere byagabanutse igihe igihe abagore bahagarika gukoresha imiti yo kuboneza urubyaro.

Harakenewe ubushakashatsi bwinshi kugirango umenye niba uburyo bwo kuboneza urubyaro bwa hormone bugira ingaruka ku byorezo bya kanseri y'ibere.

2. Ibidukikije

Ubushakashatsi ntibwerekanye ko guhura n’ibintu bimwe na bimwe bidukikije, nk'imiti, byongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere.

Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko ibintu bimwe na bimwe bidafite ingaruka nke cyangwa ku ngaruka ziterwa na kanseri y'ibere.

Ibikurikira bifite ingaruka nke cyangwa nta ngaruka ku ngaruka za kanseri y'ibere:

• Gukuramo inda.
• Guhindura imirire nko kurya ibinure bike cyangwa imbuto n'imboga nyinshi.
• Gufata vitamine, harimo fenretinide (ubwoko bwa vitamine A).
• Kunywa itabi, byombi bikora kandi byoroshye (guhumeka umwotsi w’itabi).
• Gukoresha munsi ya deodorant cyangwa antiperspirant.
• Gufata statin (imiti igabanya cholesterol).
• Gufata bisphosifone (imiti ikoreshwa mu kuvura osteoporose na hypercalcemia) kumunwa cyangwa no kwinjiza imitsi.
• Imihindagurikire yinjyana yawe (impinduka zumubiri, imitekerereze, nimyitwarire yibasiwe cyane cyane numwijima numucyo mumasaha 24), bishobora guterwa no guhinduranya nijoro cyangwa ubwinshi bwurumuri mubyumba byawe nijoro.

Inkomoko:http://www.chinancpcn.org.cn/cancerMedicineClassic/guideDetail?sId=CDR257994&type=1