Kanseri yo mu gifu ifite umubare munini mu bibyimba byo mu gifu ku isi.Ariko, ni ibintu byakumirwa kandi bivurwa.Mu kuyobora ubuzima buzira umuze, kwisuzumisha buri gihe, no gushaka kwisuzumisha no kuvurwa hakiri kare, dushobora kurwanya iyi ndwara neza.Reka noneho tuguhe ibisobanuro kubibazo icyenda byingenzi bigufasha kumva neza kanseri yigifu.
1. Kanseri yo mu gifu iratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko, akarere, n'imyaka?
Dukurikije imibare iheruka ya kanseri ku isi mu 2020, Ubushinwa bwatangaje ko abantu bashya bagera kuri miliyoni 4.57 banduye kanseri, kanseri y'igifu ikaba ari yohafi imanza 480.000, ni ukuvuga 10.8%, ziri mu myanya itatu ya mbere.Kanseri yo mu gifu yerekana itandukaniro rigaragara ukurikije amoko n'akarere.Agace ka Aziya y'Uburasirazuba ni agace gakunze kwibasirwa na kanseri yo mu gifu, aho Ubushinwa, Ubuyapani, na Koreya y'Epfo bingana na 70% by'abanduye isi yose.Ibi biterwa nibintu nka genetisifique genetique, kurya ibiryo byasya kandi byumye, hamwe n’itabi ryinshi mu karere.Ku mugabane w'Ubushinwa, kanseri yo mu gifu yiganje mu turere two ku nkombe zifite ibiryo birimo umunyu mwinshi, ndetse no hagati no hepfo y'uruzi rwa Yangtze ndetse n'ahantu hakennye cyane.
Ukurikije imyaka, impuzandengo ya kanseri yo mu gifu iri hagati yimyaka 55 na 60.Mu myaka icumi ishize, umubare w'abanduye kanseri y'igifu mu Bushinwa wakomeje kuba mwiza, hamwe no kwiyongera gake.Nyamara, igipimo cyibigaragara mu rubyiruko cyazamutse ku buryo bwihuse, kirenga ikigereranyo cy’igihugu.Byongeye kandi, izi ndwara zikunze gusuzumwa nka kanseri yo mu gifu ikwirakwizwa, igaragaza ibibazo byo kuvura.
2. Ese kanseri yo mu gifu ifite ibikomere byabanjirije?Ni ibihe bimenyetso nyamukuru?
Gastric polyps, gastrite idakira, nigifu gisigaye ni ibintu bishobora gutera kanseri yigifu.Iterambere rya kanseri yo mu gifu ni inzira nyinshi, nyinshi, kandi nyinshi.Mugihe cyambere cya kanseri yigifu,abarwayi akenshi ntibagaragaza ibimenyetso bigaragara, cyangwa barashobora gusa kutoroherwa munda yo hejuru,ububabare budasanzwe bwo munda, kubura ubushake bwo kurya, kubyimba, gukenyera, hamwe na hamwe, intebe yumukara cyangwa kuruka amaraso.Iyo ibimenyetso bimaze kugaragara,byerekana hagati ya kanseri igifu, abarwayi barashobora gutakaza ibiro bidasobanutse, kubura amaraso,hypoalbuminemia (urugero rwa poroteyine nkeya mu maraso), edema,kubabara mu nda, kuruka amaraso, naintebe z'umukara, n'abandi.
3. Nigute abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri yigifu bashobora kumenyekana hakiri kare?
Amateka yumuryango yibibyimba: Niba haribibazo byibibyimba bya sisitemu cyangwa ibindi bibyimba mubisekuru bibiri cyangwa bitatu bya bene wabo, birashoboka ko umuntu arwara kanseri yigifu.Uburyo busabwa ni ugupima ibibyimba byumwuga byibuze imyaka 10-15 mbere yimyaka mike yumuryango wese urwaye kanseri.Kuri kanseri yo mu gifu, isuzuma rya gastroscopi rigomba gukorwa buri myaka itatu, nkuko byavuzwe na muganga.Kurugero, niba imyaka mike yumuryango wumuryango urwaye kanseri ifite imyaka 55, ikizamini cya mbere cya gastroscopi kigomba gukorwa kumyaka 40.
Abantu bafite amateka maremare yo kunywa itabi, kunywa inzoga, guhitamo ibiryo bishyushye, biryohereye, kandi bisya, hamwe no kurya ibiryo byumunyu bigomba guhita bihindura izo ngeso mbi, kuko bishobora kwangiza igifu.
Abarwayi bafite ibisebe byo mu gifu, gastrite idakira, n'izindi ndwara zo mu gifu bagomba kwivuza kugira ngo birinde indwara kandi bakisuzumisha buri gihe mu bitaro.
4. Gastrite idakira hamwe n'ibisebe byo mu gifu bishobora gutera kanseri yo mu gifu?
Indwara zimwe zo munda nizo zishobora gutera kanseri yo mu gifu kandi zigomba gufatanwa uburemere.Ariko, kugira indwara zo munda ntabwo bivuze byanze bikunze ko umuntu azarwara kanseri yigifu.Ibisebe byo mu gifu bifitanye isano no kwiyongera kwa kanseri.Gastrite yigihe kirekire kandi ikabije, cyane cyane iyo igaragaje ibimenyetso bya atrophy, metaplasia yo munda, cyangwa hyperplasia idasanzwe, bisaba gukurikiranirwa hafi.Ni ngombwa guhita ureka ingeso mbi nkaguhagarara kunywa itabi, kugabanya kunywa inzoga, kandi wirinde ibiryo bikaranze kandi birimo umunyu mwinshi.Byongeye kandi, birasabwa kwisuzumisha buri mwaka hamwe ninzobere ya gastrointestinal kugirango isuzume uko ibintu byifashe kandi isuzume ibyifuzo nka gastroscopie cyangwa imiti.
5. Haba hari isano hagati ya Helicobacter pylori na kanseri yo munda?
Helicobacter pylori ni bagiteri ikunze kuboneka mu gifu, kandi ifitanye isano na kanseri runaka yo mu gifu.Niba umuntu yipimishije neza kuri Helicobacter pylori kandi akaba afite n'indwara zidakira zidakira nka gastrite idakira cyangwa ibisebe byo mu gifu, ibyago byabo byo kurwara kanseri y'igifu biriyongera.Gushaka kwivuza ku gihe ni ngombwa mu bihe nk'ibi.Usibye umuntu wanduye wavuwe, abagize umuryango bagomba no kwisuzumisha no gutekereza kubuvuzi hamwe nibiba ngombwa.
6. Hariho ubundi buryo bubabaza ubundi buryo bwa gastroscopi?
Mubyukuri, gukorerwa gastroscopi nta ngamba zo kugabanya ububabare birashobora kutoroha.Ariko, mugihe cyo kumenya kanseri yo munda hakiri kare, gastroscopie nuburyo bwiza cyane.Ubundi buryo bwo gusuzuma ntibushobora kumenya kanseri yigifu hakiri kare, ibyo bikaba bishobora guhindura cyane amahirwe yo kuvurwa neza.
Ibyiza bya gastroscopi nuko ituma abaganga bashobora kwiyumvisha neza igifu bashiramo umuyoboro woroshye, woroshye unyuze muri esofagusi no gukoresha kamera ntoya imeze nka kamera.Ibi bibafasha kubona neza igifu kandi ntibabure impinduka zifatika.Ibimenyetso bya mbere bya kanseri yo mu gifu birashobora kuba byoroshye, bisa n'akabuto gato ku ntoki dushobora kwirengagiza, ariko hashobora kubaho impinduka nke mu ibara ry'igifu.Mugihe CT scan hamwe nibitandukanya ibintu bishobora kwerekana bimwe mubinini binini byigifu, ntibishobora gufata amahinduka yoroheje.Kubwibyo, kubantu basabwa kwandura gastroscopi, ni ngombwa kudatindiganya.
7. Ni ubuhe buryo bwa zahabu bwo gusuzuma kanseri y'igifu?
Gastroscopy na biologiya biologiya nibipimo bya zahabu mugupima kanseri yigifu.Ibi bitanga isuzuma ryujuje ubuziranenge, bikurikirwa no gukora.Kubaga, kuvura imirasire, chimiotherapie, no kwita kubufasha nuburyo nyamukuru bwo kuvura kanseri yigifu.Kubaga nubuvuzi bwibanze bwa kanseri yigifu hakiri kare, kandi ubuvuzi butandukanye burafatwa nkuburyo bwo kuvura kanseri yigifu.Hashingiwe ku miterere y’umurwayi, iterambere ry’indwara, n’ibindi bintu, itsinda ry’impuguke zitandukanye zifatanije gutegura gahunda yo kuvura yihariye umurwayi, ikaba ikenewe cyane cyane ku barwayi bafite ibibazo bikomeye.Niba gutegura no gusuzuma umurwayi bisobanutse, kuvura birashobora gukorwa ukurikije amabwiriza ajyanye na kanseri yo mu gifu.
8. Nigute umuntu yakagombye kwivuza kanseri yigifu muburyo bwa siyansi?
Kuvura bidasanzwe birashobora gutuma imikurire ya selile ikura kandi bikongera ingorane zo kuvurwa nyuma.Kwipimisha no kuvura byambere ni ingenzi kubarwayi barwaye kanseri yo mu gifu, ni ngombwa rero kwivuza mu ishami ryihariye rya onkologiya.Nyuma yo gusuzuma neza, umuganga azasuzuma uko umurwayi ameze kandi atange ibyifuzo byo kuvura, bigomba rero kuganirwaho n’umurwayi n’umuryango wabo mbere yo gufata icyemezo.Abarwayi benshi bumva bahangayitse kandi bifuza kwisuzumisha vuba uyu munsi no kubagwa ejo.Ntibashobora gutegereza umurongo kugirango bakore ibizamini cyangwa uburiri bwibitaro.Ariko, kugirango ubone ubuvuzi bwihuse, kujya mubitaro bidasanzwe kandi bidafite ubuhanga kugirango bivurwe bidasanzwe birashobora guteza ingaruka kubuyobozi bwindwara.
Iyo kanseri yo mu gifu igaragaye, muri rusange iba ihari mugihe runaka.Keretse niba hari ibibazo bikomeye nko gutobora, kuva amaraso, cyangwa kuburizamo, nta mpamvu yo guhangayikishwa nuko gutinda kubagwa byihuse bizihutisha ikibyimba.Mubyukuri, guha umwanya uhagije abaganga gusobanukirwa neza nuburwayi bwumurwayi, gusuzuma kwihanganira umubiri, no gusesengura ibiranga ikibyimba nibyingenzi kugirango bivurwe neza.
9. Tugomba kubona dute imvugo ngo "kimwe cya gatatu cy'abarwayi bafite ubwoba bwo gupfa"?
Aya magambo arakabije.Mubyukuri, kanseri ntabwo iteye ubwoba nkuko dushobora kubitekereza.Abantu benshi babana na kanseri kandi bakayobora ubuzima bwuzuye.Nyuma yo gusuzuma kanseri, ni ngombwa guhindura imitekerereze yumuntu no kwishora mubiganiro byiza nabarwayi bafite ibyiringiro.Ku bantu bari mu cyiciro cyo gukira nyuma yo kuvura kanseri yo mu gifu, abagize umuryango na bagenzi babo ntibagomba kubifata nkibinyabuzima byoroshye, bibabuza gukora ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose.Ubu buryo bushobora gutuma abarwayi bumva nkaho agaciro kabo katamenyekanye.
Igipimo cyo gukiza kanseri yo mu gifu
Igipimo cyo gukiza kanseri yo mu gifu mu Bushinwa kigera kuri 30%, ntabwo kiri hasi cyane ugereranije n’ubundi bwoko bwa kanseri.Kuri kanseri yo mu gifu hakiri kare, igipimo cyo gukira kiri hafi 80% kugeza 90%.Ku cyiciro cya II, muri rusange ni 70% kugeza 80%.Nyamara, ku cyiciro cya III, gifatwa nk'iterambere, igipimo cyo gukira kigabanuka kugera kuri 30%, naho icyiciro cya IV, kiri munsi ya 10%.
Ukurikije aho uherereye, kanseri yo mu gifu ya kure ifite umuvuduko mwinshi ugereranije na kanseri yo mu gifu.Kanseri yo mu gifu ya kure yerekeza kuri kanseri iri hafi ya pylorus, mu gihe kanseri yo mu gifu yegeranye na kanseri yerekeza hafi ya kardiya cyangwa umubiri wa gastric.Isinya ya selile selile kanseri iragoye kuyimenya kandi ikunda metastasize, bikavamo igipimo gito cyo gukira.
Niyo mpamvu, ni ngombwa kwitondera impinduka zose z'umubiri wawe, kwisuzumisha kwa buri gihe, no kwihutira kwivuza niba uhuye n'ikibazo cyo mu nda.Bibaye ngombwa, gastroscopi igomba gukorwa.Abarwayi bagiye bavura endoskopique mu bihe byashize bagomba kandi guhora bakurikiranwa buri gihe n'inzobere mu gifu kandi bagakurikiza inama z'ubuvuzi kugira ngo basuzume gastroscopi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-10-2023