Amakuru Rusange yerekeye Kanseri y'umwijima
Kanseri y'umwijima ni indwara aho uturemangingo twa kanseri (kanseri) twibasira mu ngingo z'umwijima.
Umwijima ni kimwe mu bice binini by'umubiri. Ufite utwenge tubiri kandi wuzuza uruhande rwo hejuru rw'iburyo rw'inda imbere mu rubavu. Itatu mu nshingano nyinshi z'umwijima ni:
- Kuyungurura ibintu byangiza mu maraso kugira ngo bishobore kwanduzwa mu mubiri mu mwanda no mu nkari.
- Gukora inyo kugira ngo bifashe mu gusya ibinure mu biribwa.
- Kubika glycogen (isukari), umubiri ukoresha kugira ngo ubone ingufu.
Gushaka no kuvura kanseri y'umwijima hakiri kare bishobora gukumira urupfu ruterwa na kanseri y'umwijima.
Kwandura ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa virusi ya hepatite bishobora gutera hepatite kandi bishobora gutera kanseri y'umwijima.
Indwara ya Hepatite ikunze guterwa na virusi ya hepatite. Indwara ya Hepatite ni indwara itera kubyimba (kubyimba) k'umwijima. Kwangirika k'umwijima bitewe na hepatite imara igihe kirekire bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'umwijima.
Indwara ya Hepatite B (HBV) na Hepatite C (HCV) ni ubwoko bubiri bwa virusi ya Hepatite. Kwandura HBV cyangwa HCV mu buryo budakira bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'umwijima.
1. Hepatite B
HBV iterwa no gukora ku maraso, amasohoro, cyangwa andi matembabuzi y'umuntu wanduye virusi itera HBV. Ubwandu bushobora kwanduzwa umubyeyi n'umwana mu gihe cyo kubyara, binyuze mu mibonano mpuzabitsina, cyangwa mu gusangira inshinge zikoreshwa mu gutera imiti. Ishobora gutera inkovu mu mwijima (cirrhosis) zishobora gutera kanseri y'umwijima.
2. Hepatite C
HCV iterwa no gukora ku maraso y'umuntu wanduye virusi ya HCV. Ubwandu bushobora gukwirakwira binyuze mu gusangira inshinge zikoreshwa mu gutera imiti cyangwa, akenshi, binyuze mu gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina. Mu bihe byashize, yakwirakwiraga no mu gihe cyo guterwa amaraso cyangwa guterwa ingingo. Muri iki gihe, banki z'amaraso zipima amaraso yose yatanzwe kugira ngo zirebe HCV, ibi bigabanya cyane ibyago byo kwandura virusi mu guterwa amaraso. Ishobora gutera inkovu mu mwijima (cirrhosis) zishobora gutera kanseri y'umwijima.
Kwirinda Kanseri y'umwijima
Kwirinda ibintu bishobora gutera indwara no kongera ibintu biyirinda bishobora gufasha mu kwirinda kanseri.
Kwirinda ibintu bishobora gutera kanseri bishobora gufasha mu kwirinda kanseri zimwe na zimwe. Ibintu bishobora gutera kanseri birimo kunywa itabi, kugira umubyibuho ukabije, no kudakora imyitozo ngororamubiri ihagije. Kongera ibintu byo kwirinda nko kureka kunywa itabi no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri bishobora no gufasha mu kwirinda kanseri zimwe na zimwe. Vugana na muganga wawe cyangwa undi muganga w’inzobere mu by’ubuzima ku buryo ushobora kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara kanseri.
Kwandura Hepatite B na C mu buryo budakira ni ibintu bishobora gutera kanseri y'umwijima.
Kugira umwijima wa B udakira (HBV) cyangwa umwijima wa C udakira (HCV) byongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'umwijima. Ibyago biriyongera cyane ku bantu barwaye HBV na HCV, ndetse no ku bantu bafite izindi mpamvu zishobora gutera iyi ndwara usibye virusi ya Hepatite. Abagabo banduye HBV idakira cyangwa HCV bafite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara kanseri y'umwijima kurusha abagore banduye ubwandu bumwe budakira.
Ubwandu bwa HBV idakira ni bwo butera kanseri y'umwijima ku isonga muri Aziya na Afurika. Ubwandu bwa HCV idakira ni bwo butera kanseri y'umwijima ku isonga muri Amerika ya Ruguru, i Burayi n'Ubuyapani.
Izindi mpamvu zishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'umwijima ni izi zikurikira:
1. Kurwara Cirrhose
Ingaruka zo kurwara kanseri y'umwijima ziyongera ku bantu bafite indwara ya cirrhose, indwara aho umwijima mwiza usimburwa n'inkovu. Inkovu zifunga amaraso mu mwijima kandi zikayabuza gukora uko bikwiye. Ubusinzi bukabije n'indwara zidakira za hepatite ni byo bikunze gutera cirrhose. Abantu bafite cirrhose iterwa na HCV bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri y'umwijima kurusha abantu bafite cirrhose iterwa na HBV cyangwa inzoga.
2. Kunywa inzoga nyinshi
Kunywa inzoga nyinshi bishobora gutera indwara ya cirrhose, ikaba ari yo mpamvu ishobora gutera kanseri y'umwijima. Kanseri y'umwijima ishobora no ku bantu bakoresha inzoga nyinshi badafite cirrhose. Abantu bakoresha inzoga nyinshi barwaye cirrhose bafite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara kanseri y'umwijima inshuro icumi ugereranije n'abakoresha inzoga nyinshi badafite cirrhose.
Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko hari ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri y'umwijima ku bantu bafite ubwandu bwa HBV cyangwa HCV bakoresha inzoga cyane.
3. Uburozi bwa Aflatoxin B1
Ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'umwijima bishobora kwiyongera iyo umuntu ariye ibiryo birimo aflatoxin B1 (uburozi buturuka ku bihumyo bishobora gukura ku biribwa, nk'ibigori n'imbuto, bibitswe ahantu hashyushye kandi hakonje). Bikunze kugaragara cyane muri Afurika yo munsi y'ubutayu bwa Sahara, muri Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba, no mu Bushinwa.
4. Steatohepatitis idakoresheje inzoga (NASH)
Indwara ya steatohepatite idakoresheje inzoga (NASH) ni indwara ishobora gutera inkovu mu mwijima (cirrhosis) ishobora gutera kanseri y'umwijima. Ni yo ndwara ikomeye cyane y'umwijima udakoresheje inzoga (NAFLD), aho hari ibinure byinshi mu mwijima. Kuri bamwe, ibi bishobora gutera kubyimba no gukomeretsa uturemangingo tw'umwijima.
Kugira cirrhose iterwa na NASH byongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'umwijima. Kanseri y'umwijima yanagaragaye ku bantu barwaye NASH badafite cirrhose.
5. Kunywa itabi
Kunywa itabi byagaragaye ko bifitanye isano n’ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri y’umwijima. Ingaruka ziyongera bitewe n’umubare w’itabi umuntu anywa ku munsi ndetse n’imyaka amaze anywa.
6. Ibindi bisabwa
Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe zidasanzwe z’ubuvuzi n’iz’uturemangingo zishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y’umwijima. Izi ndwara zirimo izi zikurikira:
- Hemochromatosis y'uruhererekane rw'amaraso (HH) itaravurwa.
- Kubura Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT).
- Indwara yo kubika glycogen.
- Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT).
- Indwara ya Wilson.
Ibintu bikurikira bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'umwijima:
1. Urukingo rwa Hepatite B
Gukumira kwandura HBV (gukingirwa HBV ukiri umwana muto) byagaragaye ko bigabanya ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'umwijima mu bana. Ntibiramenyekana niba gukingirwa bigabanya ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'umwijima mu bantu bakuru.
2. Kuvura indwara ya hepatite B idakira
Uburyo bwo kuvura abantu bafite ubwandu bwa HBV budakira burimo interferon na nucleos (t)ide analog (NA). Ubu buryo bwo kuvura bushobora kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'umwijima.
3. Kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura aflatoxin B1
Gusimbuza ibiryo birimo uburozi bwinshi bwa aflatoxin B1 n'ibiryo birimo uburozi buri hasi cyane bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'umwijima.
Inkomoko:http://www.chinancpcn.org.cn/cancerMedicineClassic/guideDetail?sId=CDR433423&type=1
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-21-2023